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Norling, Olivia --- "The first 1000 decisions of the Supreme Court of New Zealand: A study in how the court grants leave" [2015] UOtaLawTD 24

Last Updated: 17 September 2023

The First 1000 Decisions of the Supreme Court of New Zealand: A study in how the Court grants leave.

Olivia Norling

" #$%%&'()($*+ %,-.$((&# $+ /)'($)0 1,01$0.&+( *1 (2& #&3'&& *1 4)52&0*' *1 6)7% 87$(2 9*+*,'%: )( (2& ;+$<&'%$(= *1 >()3*?

>5(*-&' @ABC

Acknowledgements

My most sincere and heartfelt appreciation goes to:

Marcelo Rodriguez Ferrere – stalwart supervisor, detail-oriented editor, terror of the passive voice and all around voice of reason and calm. Thank you for helping me produce a piece of writing I can be proud of.

Nikki Southall – my mini-Marcelo. Thank you for going above and beyond the call of duty and friendship. I don’t know what I did to deserve you but I’m glad I did it. Thank you for all of your efforts in October, especially the soufflé.

My family – Tim, Sarah, Chloe and Imogen. Thank you for Australia in July and your unswerving steadiness and love. You are my rock.

My long-suffering flatmates – Kenzie, Jack and Sarah. Thank you for letting me vent at you, and putting up with TMI 24/7.

The 9^thfloor tutors office – especially Amy, Jack and Stacey. Thanks for being a safe haven, full of non-judgement, support and food.

Any errors remain my own.

Contents

INTRODUCTION """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #

PART I: THE STATUTORY ORIGINS OF THE SUPREME COURT """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" $

1. CONSULTATION AND INITIAL STAGES """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #

2. SELECT COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" $

3. SUBSEQUENT DISCUSSION ON THE S 13 LEAVE CRITERIA """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" %&

5. COMPARABLE JURISDICTIONS’ APPROACH TO GRANTING LEAVE""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" %'

6. CONCLUSION """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" %(

PART II: METHODS AND DATA """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #%

1. METHODS """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" %$

2. APPLICATIONS FOR LEAVE """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" %)

3. REFUSAL OF LEAVE APPLICATIONS"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" '&

!" #$!$%$&'( *'+$,'+! %$+-+.,/ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #$

0" 1&23.$!$%$&'( *'+$,'+! %$+-+.,/ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #%

*" 42/+*!$+&2. &5 67!$ $7, 8&%'$ 6!2$. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #&

/" 8&2*-%.+&2 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #'

4. HOW THE COURT GRANTS LEAVE TO APPEAL""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" '*

5. HOW THE COURT USES S 13 IN SUBSTANTIVE DECISIONS""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ')

!" 42$,',.$. &5 9%.$+*, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &$

0" :,2,'!- &' ;%0-+* +<;&'$!2*,""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &$

*" #%0.$!2$+!- <+.*!''+!=, &5 9%.$+*, """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &%

/" :,2,'!- *&<<,'*+!- .+=2+5+*!2*, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &&

," 1&23.$!$%$&'( ',!.&2. 5&' -,!>, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &&

6. CONCLUSIONS """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" +#

PART III: ANALYSIS """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" $&

REFUSALS OF LEAVE BY THE SUPREME COURT AND THE VALUE THESE HAVE """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" +(
SUBSTANTIVE DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW ZEALAND """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" +$
WHAT POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS EXIST FOR THIS NON-ENGAGEMENT WITH S 13? """"""""""""""""""""""""""" #'

!" ?+-- $7, 8&%'$ 0, 0&%2/ 0( +$. -,!>, /,*+.+&2.@"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" (#

0" A&,. $7, 8&%'$ 2,,/ $& 0, !0-, $& 5-,B+0-( <!2!=, +$. !22%!- 6&'C-&!/@""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" (&

*" D', $7, ',!.&2. .%55+*+,2$-( E!;;!',2$FG 2,=!$+2= $7, 2,,/ $& 0, ,B;-+*+$@ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ((

/" ?+-- $7, 8&%'$H. ;'&>+.+&2 &5 ',!.&2. E;',<!$%',-(F !/&;$ ! I;&$,2$+!--( ,<0!''!..+2=" ;&.+$+&2@

," ?&%-/ ;'&>+/+2= ',!.&2. 5&' ='!2$+2= -,!>, %2/%-( 0%'/,2 $7, 8&%'$@ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ('

4. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #*

5. CONCLUSION """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #,

CONCLUSION """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" '(

APPENDICES """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &#

BIBLIOGRAPHY """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" &%

Introduction

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Part I: The Statutory Origins of the Supreme Court

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1. Consultation and Initial Stages

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3. Subsequent discussion on the s 13 leave criteria

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5. Comparable jurisdictions’ approach to granting leave

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!'=%!0-, ;&+2$ &5 -!6 &5 =,2,'!- ;%0-+* +<;&'$!2*, 67+*7 &%=7$ $& 0, *&2.+/,',/

0( $7, #%;',<, 8&%'$ !$ $7+. $+<, 0,!'+2= +2 <+2/ $7!$ $7, *!., 7!. !-',!/( 0,,2

$7, .%09,*$ &5 9%/+*+!- /,*+.+&2 !2/ ',>+,6,/ &2 !;;,!-W[^c\

^cBO)+ h'&&+& X+2!- D;;,!-L /,*+.+&23<!C+2= +2 8!2!/+!2 8&%'$. &5 D;;,!- 8] 6*'$.&'H M*'*+(*H B\\c: )( BAA?

^c@Q'$+30& )-*<& + B )( cA?

^cK"( cA?

^cX"( c@?

^cCD,/'&.& E*,'( *1 (2& ;+$(&# _$+3#*. Q')5($5& e$'&5($*+ KH ' K?B?B? i777?%,/'&.&5*,'(?,Lk?

^cf"( ' K?K?K?

^cW"( ' K?K?K?

^cc"( ' K?K?K?

^c\M2& ;+$(&# _$+3#*. D,/'&.& E*,'( ZQ&'.$%%$*+ (* )//&)0[ 8P)= @ABC: i777?%,/'&.&5*,'(?,Lk?

6. Conclusion

^2$0& (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( "5( @AAK 7)% 5)'&1,00= #&%$3+&# (* &.,0)(& %/&5$1$5 )%/&5(% *1 5*./)')-0& E*..*+7&)0(2 5*,'(%H Q)'0$).&+( &./2)%$%&# (2& <)0,& *1 '&)%*+% )( (2& 0&)<&
%()3&H )+# (2& +&&# 1*' %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$) (* -& 10&%2&# *,( -= (2& E*,'(? O+ (2$% 7)= (2&
D,/'&.& E*,'( 5)+ -& #$%($+3,$%2&# 1'*. 5*./)')-0& 1$+)0 5*,'(%? M2& 0&)<& /'*<$%$*+%
'&10&5( )+ ,+'&%*0<&# (&+%$*+ -&(7&&+ (2& #&%$'& (* 3$<& (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( ) -'*)# #$%5'&($*+)'= /*7&' (* 52**%& $(% 5)%&0*)# )+# #&<&0*/ $(% *7+ 5*+%($(,($*+)0 %$3+$1$5)+5&
)+# (2& #&%$'& (* 5*+%(')$+ (2& E*,'( -= $./*%$+3 %()(,(*'= 0$.$()($*+% ,/*+ $(% &S&'5$%& *1
/*7&'?

M2& 1$'%( 5*+%(')$+( 2)% -&&+ '&V,$'$+3 '&)%*+% (* -& 3$<&+ 72&+ )//0$5)($*+% )'& '&1,%&# 0&)<&? M2& 0)+3,)3& &S/0)$+$+3 (2$% ).&+#.&+( -= (2& D&0&5( E*..$((&& #&.*+%(')(&#
Z(')+%/)'&+5= `)+#a )55*,+()-$0$(=[ 7&'& &S/&5(&# *1 (2& D,/'&.& E*,'(^\A)+# (2)( '&)%*+%
7&'& %&&+ )% )+ )%%,')+5& (2)( (2& E*,'( 7*,0# )5( $+ ) /'*5&#,')00= 1)$' )+# Z#&.*5')($5[

7)=?^\B

M2& %&5*+# .&52)+$%. *1 )55*,+()-$0$(= 7)% (2& '&V,$'&.&+( (2)( (2& E*,'( -& Z%)($%1$&#[
(2)( $( 7)% Z$+ (2& $+(&'&%(% *1 I,%($5&[ 1*' ) 5)%& (* -& 2&)'#? M2&'& $% %*.& 10&S$-$0$(= 2&'&H )% %
BK8C: #*&% +*( '&+#&' % BK8@: )+ &S2),%($<& %()(&.&+( *1 72)( Z(2& $+(&'&%(% *1 I,%($5&[ .$32(
.&)+? 9*7&<&'H (2& E*,'( $% '&V,$'&# (* #* .*'& (2)+ $(% 5*./)')-0& 5*..*+7&)0(2 )/&S
5*,'(%? ;+0$L& $+ ",%(')0$)H (2& F&7 G&)0)+# 5*,'( Z.,%( -& %)($%1$&#[ +*( .&'&0= Z2)<& '&3)'#
(*[ /'&%5'$-&# 5*+%$#&')($*+%? ^2$0& 40)+52)'# ] .$32( 5*+%$#&' $( Z*-<$*,%[^\@72= 5)%&% )'& 3')+(&# 0&)<&H (2$% .)= +*( -& (2& %).& (2$+3 )% #&.*+%(')($+3 (2)( (2& E*,'( $% Z%)($%1$&#[?

9)<$+3 %&( *,( (2& %()(,(*'= 1').&7*'L 1*' 3')+($+3 0&)<& (* )//&)0H O +*7 (,'+ (* )+)0=%&
2*7 (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( 2)% ,%&# )+# $+(&'/'&(&# (2&%& 5'$(&'$) $+ $(% 1$'%( BAAA #&5$%$*+%?

^\A],%($5& )+# d0&5(*')0 E*..$((&& )-*<& + KC )( Xf?

^\B"( Xf?

^\@40)+52)'# )-*<& + Cc )( KX?

Part II: Methods and Data

O+ (2$% Q)'(H O %2)00 %&( *,( .= .&(2*#% *1 #)() 5*00&5($*+ )+# (2&+ &S/0*'& %*.& *1 (2&
/)((&'+% O 1*,+# 7$(2$+ (2& D,/'&.& E*,'(N% 1$'%( BAAA #&5$%$*+%? D&5($*+ Bf *1 (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( "5( @AAK '&V,$'&% (2& E*,'( (* /'*<$#& '&)%*+% 1*' #&50$+$+3 )+ )//0$5)($*+ 1*' 0&)<& (*
)//&)0? "55*'#$+30=H O %2)00 1$'%( 0**L )( (2& CWX '&1,%)0 #&5$%$*+% (* %&& 2*7 R *' &<&+ $1 R $(
)//0$&# (2& 5'$(&'$) 1*' 0&)<& )% #&()$0&# -= % BK *1 (2& "5(? O 7$00 (2&+ 0**L )( (2& @BW 5)%&% 72&'& (2& E*,'( 3')+(&# 0&)<& )+# (2& #&)'(2 *1 %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$) *' '&)%*+% 3$<&+ )( (2$%
%()3&? T$+)00=H O 7$00 #$%5,%% 2*7 (2& % BK 5'$(&'$) )//&)' (* ) <&'= 0$.$(&# &S(&+( $+ (2& B\A
%,-%()+($<& #&5$%$*+% *1 (2& E*,'(? ><&')00H (2& E*,'( $% 5*..,+$5)($+3 (2& %*'( *1 5)%&% $(
7$%2&% (* 2&)'H -,( +*( (2'*,32 ) 5*+%$%(&+( $+(&'/'&()($*+ *1 % BK?

1. Methods

P= #)() %/)+% (2& 1$'%( +$+& =&)'% *1 (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( *1 F&7 G&)0)+#H 1'*. (2& E*,'(N%
$+5&/($*+ ,/ ,+($0 M$//$+3 ]N% '&($'&.&+( 1'*. (2& E*,'( $+ ",3,%( @AB@? O( $% ) 2)//= 5*$+5$#&+5& (2)( (2& E*,'( 2)# /,-0$%2&# BAAA #&5$%$*+% )( (2& ($.& *1 M$//$+3 ]N% '&($'&.&+(? O+ (2&%& BAAA 5)%&%H O 7)+(&# (* &S/0*'& (2& )//'*)52 *1 (2& *'$3$+)0 1$<& )//*$+(.&+(% *1 (2& E*,'( (* % BKH )+# M$//$+3 ] 7)% (2& 1*,'(2 *'$3$+)0 /,$%+& I,#3& (* '&($'&? E2$&1 ],%($5& d0$)%
'&.)$+% (2& *+0= *'$3$+)0 .&.-&' *1 (2& E*,'( %($00 %$(($+3 )( (2& ($.& *1 /,-0$5)($*+? P=
'&%&)'52 7$00 )((&./( (* #$%5&'+ (2& *'$3$+)0 4&+52N% )//'*)52 (* 3')+($+3 0&)<& )+# $(%
$+(&'/'&()($*+ *1 % BKH 7$(2 (2& $#&) (2)( 0)(&' %(,#$&% 5*,0# -,$0# ,/*+ (2$% )+# 5*./)'& (2&
)//'*)52 *1 0)(&' -&+52&%?

O+ &+(&'$+3 (2&%& #&5$%$*+% $+(* .= #)()-)%&H O '&5*'#&# (2& 1*00*7$+3 $+1*'.)($*+U

o 5)%& +).&m
o #)(& *1 /,-0$5)($*+m
o 5*,'( 0)-&0 )+# +&,(')0 5$()($*+m
o 72&(2&' (2& )//0$5)+( 7)% %&01Y'&/'&%&+(&#m
o (2& #&5$%$*+ .)#&H 1,'(2&' 5)(&3*'$%&# )%U
! 72&(2&' 0&)<& 7)% 3')+(&# *' '&1,%&#m )+#
! 72&(2&' (2& )//&)0 7)% %,55&%%1,0 )1(&' 2&)'$+3m
o '&)%*+% 1*' (2& '&1,%)0 *' )55&/()+5& *1 0&)<&m
o (=/& *1 5)%& 85'$.$+)0 *' 5$<$0: )+# (2& )'&) *1 0)7 )( $%%,&m
o +,.-&' *1 %&/)')(& I,#3.&+(%m
o +,.-&' *1 /)')3')/2% $+ (2& #&5$%$*+m )+#
o (2& E*,'(% *1 F&7 G&)0)+# *11$5$)0 7&-%$(&N% 5)%& %,..)'=?

O+ 1$+#$+3 5)%&%H O ,($0$%&# ) <&'= %$.$0)' .&(2*# (* (2)( #*+& $+ (2& '&5&+( &./$'$5)0 %(,#= *1 P)'=Yb*%& b,%%&00 )+# P)((2&7 4)'-&'?^\KO %()'(&# 7$(2 (2& F&7 G&)0)+# 6&3)0 O+1*'.)($*+ O+%($(,(& 7&-%$(& 8FG6OO: 72$52 /,-0$%2&# (2& E*,'(N% )++,)0 #&5$%$*+% $+ 52'*+*0*3$5)0 *'#&'?
O 5'*%%Y'&1&'&+5&# (2&%& 7$(2 (2& E*,'(% *1 F&7 G&)0)+# *11$5$)0 7&-%$(& 72$52 /'*<$#&#
,%&1,0 5)%& %,..)'$&% *1 (2& L&= $%%,&% $+ (2& #&5$%$*+ .)#&?^\XO '&<$%&# .= #)() -= 52&5L$+3
)+# 5'*%%Y'&1&'&+5$+3 (2& *11$5$)0 5*,'( 5$()($*+% O 2)# )3)$+%( (2*%& $+ 6&S$%F&S$% F&7 G&)0)+#?

O )+)0=%&# &)52 *1 (2& Wc\ 0&)<& #&5$%$*+%? b&I&5($*+ *1 0&)<& #&5$%$*+% )<&')3&# 1$<&
/)')3')/2% $+ 0&+3(2?^\Ce&5$%$*+% 3')+($+3 0&)<& )<&')3&# (2'&& /)')3')/2%?^\fO #$# +*( '&)# (2& &+($'&(= *1 (2& E*,'(N% B\A %,-%()+($<& #&5$%$*+% 8(2& 0*+3&%( *1 72$52 $+<*0<&# 1$<&
$+#$<$#,)0 I,#3.&+(% (*()00$+3 Kcc /)')3')/2%:?^\WO+%(&)#H O %&)'52&# (2'*,32 (2&%& #&5$%$*+%
,%$+3 ) 5*.-$+)($*+ *1 (2& 1*00*7$+3 L&=7*'#%U Z%,/'&.&[H Z% BK[H Z% BX[H Z0&)<&[H Z/,-0$5[H Z/,-0$5 $./*'()+5&[H Z/,-0$5 $+(&'&%(%[H Z3&+&')0 $./*'()+5&[H Z5*..&'5$)0 %$3+$1$5)+5&[H
Z.$%5)''$)3&[H Z$+(&'&%(% *1 I,%($5&[H Z%,-%()+($)0[H ZI,%($5&[? O 7)% %&&L$+3 )+= '&1&'&+5& (* (2&
%()(,(*'= 0)+3,)3& *1 % BK *' (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( "5(H (* %&& $1 $( $+1*'.&# (2& E*,'(N%
%,-%()+($<& '&)%*+$+3?

^2)( O 7)% 0**L$+3 1*' $+ &)52 (=/& *1 #&5$%$*+ 7)% (2& E*,'( ,($0$%$+3 (2& %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$)H
)+# )+= )+)0=%$% *1 (2& .&)+$+3 *1 (2& 5'$(&'$*+? M* #* (2$%H O 5'&)(&# (2& 1*00*7$+3 %2*'(2)+# 1*' (2& %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$)U
o O>] t $+ (2& $+(&'&%(% *1 I,%($5&m
o QO t /,-0$5 $./*'()+5&m

^\KP)'=Yb*%& b,%%&00 )+# P)((2&7 4)'-&' Zd./$'$5)0 "+)0=%$% *1 D,/'&.& E*,'( e&5$%$*+%[ $+ P)'=Y b*%& b,%%&00 )+# P)((2&7 4)'-&' 8&#%: M7, #%;',<, 8&%'$ &5 1,6 N,!-!2/ OPPQ3OPYZ 8M2*.%*+

b&,(&'%H ^&00$+3(*+H @ABC: B )( @\?

^\XD&& 1*' &S)./0&U 2((/%Uuu777?5*,'(%*1+j?3*<(?+ju)-*,(u%,/'&.&u5)%&Y%,..)'$&%u?

^\CD&& "//&+#$S e?

^\fD&& "//&+#$S e?

^\WM!%2&! !2/ &'. > D$$&'2,(3:,2,'!- !2/ !2&' `@AAWa FGDE WAm `@AAca B FG6b X@\?

o hO t 3&+&')0 $./*'()+5&m
o DP] t %,-%()+($)0 .$%5)''$)3& *1 I,%($5&m
o P] t .$%5)''$)3& *1 I,%($5&m
o ED t 3&+&')0 5*..&'5$)0 %$3+$1$5)+5&m *'
o F* I,'$%#$5($*+ 8-)''&# -= % BX *' %% WYBA *1 (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( "5( @AAK:?

"% O 7$00 %2*'(0= &S/0*'& $+ (2& %&5($*+ *+ )//0$5)($*+% '&1,%&# 0&)<&H (2& E*,'( )0%* #&<&0*/&#
) %&'$&% *1 +*+Y%()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$) (* &S/0)$+ 72= 0&)<& 7)% '&1,%&#?

M2&'& )'& (7* 1,'(2&' /*$+(% (* +*(& )-*,( (2& #)() %&(? M2&'& )'& @B #&5$%$*+% /,-0$%2&# -=
(2& E*,'( #,'$+3 .= /&'$*# *1 %(,#= 72$52 O 2)<& 5*,+(&# (*7)'#% .= (*()0 -,( +*( )+)0=%&#m
(2&%& )'& (2& E*,'( #&5$%$*+% *+ 5*%(%H 1$0$+3 1&&%H *' (2& )//*$+(.&+( *1 !<+*+ *%'+!,? D&5*+#0= O 2)<& $+50,#&# )//0$5)($*+% 1*' '&5)00 *1 E*,'( #&5$%$*+% )+# )//0$5)($*+% 1*' (2& '&5,%)0 *1 I,#3&% 7$(2$+ (2& #)() %&( %$+5& (2& E*,'( 5)+ R )+# 2)% R &./0*=&# (2& 0)+3,)3& *1 % BK 72&+
)55&/($+3 )+# '&1,%$+3 (2&%& )//0$5)($*+%?

2. Applications for Leave

>+ )<&')3&H #&5$%$*+% 3')+($+3 *' '&1,%$+3 0&)<& )//0$5)($*+% .)L& ,/ W\ /&' 5&+( *1 (2& D,/'&.& E*,'(N% (*()0 *,(/,( 8%&& M)-0& B -&0*7:? "% (2& E*,'( $% '&V,$'&# (* 3$<& '&)%*+% 1*' '&1,%$+3 0&)<& )//0$5)($*+%H $( 2)% /'$.)'$0= #&<&0*/&# $(% )//'*)52 (* )+# $+(&'/'&()($*+ *1 % BK $+ (2&%& #&5$%$*+%? 6&)<& #&5$%$*+% 2)<& /'&5&#&+($)0 <)0,&?^\cM2&= )'& /,-0$%2&# $+ )+
$#&+($5)0 .&(2*# )+# 1*'.)( )% %,-%()+($<& #&5$%$*+% *1 (2& E*,'(H )+# )'& *55)%$*+)00=
/,-0$%2&# $+ *11$5$)0 '&/*'(%?^\\M2& E*,'( 2)% $+#$5)(&# (2& /'&5&#&+($)0 <)0,& *1 0&)<& #&5$%$*+% -= '&1&''$+3 -)5L (* $(% /'$*' '&)%*+$+3 $+ L&= '&1,%)0 *1 0&)<& #&5$%$*+% )%
),(2*'$()($<& $+ '&1,%$+3 1,'(2&' )//0$5)($*+%?^BAAP*'&*<&'H ,+0$L& (2& ;+$(&# _$+3#*.H (2& E*,'( 2)% +*( &S/0$5$(0= $+#$5)(&# (2& #&5$%$*+% )'& Z*1 +* /'&5&#&+($)0 <)0,&[?^BAB"%%,.$+3

^\cT*' 1,'(2&' #$%5,%%$*+H %&& -&0*7 Q)'( OOO )( K8):?

^\\40)+52)'# )-*<& + @A )( B\@?

^BAAT*' &S)./0&H R%2+&' X!'<. [+<+$,/ > T!<;$&2 #,*%'+$+,. `@AAfa FGDE fAm 8@AAf: Bc QbFG Kf\ 2)%

-&&+ '&1&''&# (* $+ (2& 1*00*7$+3 '&1,%)0 *1 0&)<& )//0$5)($*+%U T!(/,2 \!$$7,6 R&72.$&2 !2/ !2&' > #*7+.$ \&%2$!+2 S'*7!'/. [$/ `@AAfa FGDE \fm M'!2.;&6,' > M&// ]2,'=( `@AAWa FGDE BAfm \!<5',/&.

> T,'0,'$ ]^%+$+,. [$/ `@AAWa FGDE W\m )+# 1 _ #%<!$'! M&0!**& M'!/+2= 8&<;!2( > 1,6 N,!-!2/ \+-C

`'!2/. [+<+$,/ `@ABBa FGDE BBK?

^BABD,/'&.& E*,'( *1 (2& ;+$(&# _$+3#*. Q')5($5& e$'&5($*+ KH ' K?K?K? i777?%,/'&.&5*,'(?,Lk?

(2&= 2*0# <)0,&H O %2)00 +*7 &S/0*'& (2& /'&5&#&+(% (2)( (2& E*,'( 2)% &%()-0$%2&# $+ $(% '&1,%)0
*1 0&)<& #&5$%$*+%?

!"#$% '( )%"*% "++$,-".,/01 "1 +%2-%0."3% /4 "005"$ /5.+5.

	M()0 0&)<& )//0$5)($+%	b&1,%&# 0&)<& )//0$5)($*+%	"//0$5)($*+% 3')+(&# 0&)<&
@AAX	cc	fC	@K
@AAC	cX	CB	KK
@AAf	W\	Cc	@B
@AAW	W\	CX	@C
@AAc	W\	CW	@@
@AA\	WB	X\	@@
@ABA	Wc	CC	@K
@ABB	cK	fc	BC
@AB@	WC	fA	BC
"<&')3&	W\v	CWv	@@v

3. Refusal of leave applications

b&1,%)0% *1 0&)<& .)L& ,/ *<&' CA /&' 5&+( *1 (2& E*,'(N% )++,)0 *,(/,(?^BA@"% $+#$5)(&# )-*<&H
,+#&' % Bf *1 (2& D,/'&.& E*,'( "5(H (2& E*,'( $% *-0$3&# (* %()(& $(% '&)%*+% 1*' '&1,%$+3 )
0&)<& )//0$5)($*+?^BAKe&5$%$*+% '&1,%$+3 0&)<& )//0$5)($*+% )'&H *+ )<&')3&H C?A\ /)')3')/2%
0*+3H )+# (=/$5)00= 5*+()$+ ) -'$&1 %,..)'= *1 (2& 1)5(% )+# (2&+ ) %()(&.&+( *1 2*7 (2&
5'$(&'$) )'& +*( %)($%1$&#?^BAXM2$% %&5($*+ &S/0*'&% 72&+ (2& E*,'( 2)% ,%&# (2& %()(,(*'=
5'$(&'$) $+ $(% '&1,%)0% *1 0&)<&H 72&+ $( 2)% ,%&# +*+Y%()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$)H )+# 72)( )+)0=%$% *1
(2& 5'$(&'$) &S$%(% $+ (2&%& #&5$%$*+%?

!" #$!$%$&'( *'+$,'+! %$+-+.,/

M2& D,/'&.& E*,'( ,($0$%&# %*.& 1*'. *1 (2& %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$) $+ 3$<$+3 $(% '&)%*+% 1*' '&1,%)0
*1 0&)<& $+ (2& .)I*'$(= *1 5)%&%?^BACM2& E*,'( '&0$&# .*'& 2&)<$0= ,/*+ %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$) $+

^BA@D&& M)-0& B )-*<&?

^BAKD,/'&.& E*,'( "5( @AAKH % Bf?

^BAXD&& "//&+#$S e? " 3**# &S)./0& *1 (2$% /')5($5& $% (2& '&1,%&# 5$<$0 )//0$5)($*+ $+ M'!2.;&6,' > M&// ]2,'=( )-*<& + BAA? " (=/$5)0 &S)./0& *1 5'$.$+)0 )//0$5)($*+ '&1,%&# 0&)<& $% #$%'< > J `@AAWa FGDE fK?

^BACM2$% $+50,#&% .&+($*+$+3 % BKH $+(&'&%(% *1 I,%($5&H 8%,-%()+($)0: .$%5)''$)3& *1 I,%($5&H /,-0$5

$./*'()+5&H 3&+&')0 $./*'()+5&H 5*..&'5$)0 %$3+$1$5)+5& *' +* I,'$%#$5($*+?

'&1,%)0% *1 0&)<& $+ $(% &)'0$&' =&)'%? O+ @AAXH \@ /&' 5&+( *1 '&1,%)0% 1*' 0&)<& 5*+()$+&# (2&
%()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$)? O+ @AACH BAA /&' 5&+( *1 '&1,%)0% '&1&'&+5&# (2& %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$)? O+ @AAfH
cf /&' 5&+( *1 '&1,%)0% '&1&''&# (* (2& %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$) $+ %*.& 7)=? M2& )<&')3& /&'5&+()3&
*1 5)%&% 72$52 ,($0$%& (2& % BK 5'$(&'$) $+ '&1,%$+3 0&)<& $% W\ /&' 5&+(?^BAfM2&'& $% ) 50&)'
$+#$5)($*+ 1'*. (2& E*,'( (2)( %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$) )'& $./*'()+( (* 2&0/ #&(&'.$+& 72=
)//0$5)($*+% *,32( (* -& '&1,%&# 0&)<&? @ABA $% )+ *,(0$&'H )% $+ (2)( =&)' *+0= Cf /&' 5&+( *1 '&1,%)0 #&5$%$*+% '&1&''&# (* (2& %()(,(*'= 5'$(&'$)H 72$0& cW /&' 5&+( *1 #&5$%$*+% '&1&''&# (*
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6. Conclusions

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Part III: Analysis

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1. Refusals of leave by the Supreme Court and the value these have

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5. Conclusion

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Conclusion

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Appendices

45 4220), 6)') 7889 : 788/; <+=.)%&23 <%&=&2), )2> <&-&, )..,&<)'&+21

	civil	crim	2004	civil	crim	2005	civil	crim	2006
# of cases total	22	17	40	41	42	86	63	48	112
# of costs/other decisions	-	-	1	-	-	3	-	-	1

LEAVE GRANTED	6	3	9	20	8	28	16	7	23
w criteria	4	1	5	4	3	7	0	0	0
# paragraphs average			3.4			3.29			2.5

Leave REFUSED	13	13	26	15	29	44	30	35	65
w criteria	12	12	24	15	29	44	23	33	56
w other	7	7	14	12	21	33	22	26	48
W ONLY non-stat criteria			0			0			7
# paragraphs average			6.03			5.4			5.9

Substantive decisions	3	1	4	8	4	12	17	6	23
w criteria	1	1	2	0	1	1	2	4	6
# paragraphs average			91			70			74.86
Longest decision length			104			184			227

?5 4220), 6)') 788@ : 788A; <+=.)%&23 <%&=&2), )2> <&-&, )..,&<)'&+21

	civil	crim	2007	civil	crim	2008	civil	crim	2009
# of cases total	64	44	110	55	58	116	70	58	134
# of costs/other decisions	-	-	2	-	-	3	-	-	6

LEAVE GRANTED	21	6	27	19	7	26	19	11	30
w criteria	1	0	1	2	1	3	2	1	3
# paragraphs average			3.37			4			2.2

Leave REFUSED	27	32	60	22	44	66	29	37	66
w criteria	17	28	45	22	33	55	19	29	48
w other	20	23	43	18	31	49	22	23	45
w ONLY non-stat criteria			10			10			16
# paragraphs average			5.95			4.75			4.36

Substantive decisions	15	6	21	14	7	21	22	11	33
w criteria	3	2	5	2	4	6	6	6	12
# paragraphs average			101.52			68.23			54.58
Longest decision length			388			219			138

$5 4220), 6)') 78!8 : 78!7; <+=.)%&23 <%&=&2), )2> <&-&, )..,&<)'&+21

	civil	crim	2010	civil	crim	2011	civil	crim	2012
# of cases total	88	72	162	78	80	159	44	35	81
# of costs/other decisions	-	-	2	-	-	1	-	-	2

LEAVE GRANTED	24	13	37	16	9	25	9	3	12
w criteria	1	1	2	1	1	2	0	1	1
# paragraphs average			2.67			4.2			2.75

Leave REFUSED	43	47	90	48	60	108	19	30	49
w criteria	25	25	50	26	50	76	15	23	38
w other	37	41	78	41	43	84	16	27	43
w ONLY non-stat criteria			39			24			11
# paragraphs average			4.63			4.54			4.27

Substantive decisions	21	12	33	14	11	25	16	2	18
w criteria	1	6	7	1	3	4	1	0	1
# paragraphs average			59.51			72			114.67
Longest decision length			261			286			318

65 4220), 6)') B+'),1 )2> 4-(%)3(1

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	TOTALS
# of cases total	40	86	112	110	116	134	162	159	81	1000
# of costs/other decisions	1	3	1	2	3	6	2	1	2	21

LEAVE GRANTED	9	28	23	27	26	30	37	25	12	217
w. criteria	5	7	0	1	3	3	2	2	1	24
# paras	3.4	3.29	2.5	3.37	4	2.2	2.67	4.2	2.75	Average = 3.15

Leave REFUSED	26	44	65	60	66	66	90	108	49	574
w criteria	24	44	56	45	55	48	50	76	38	436
w other	14	33	48	43	49	45	78	84	43	437
w ONLY non- stat criteria	0	0	7	10	10	16	39	24	11	117
# paras	6.03	5.4	5.9	5.95	4.75	4.36	4.63	4.54	4.27	Average = 5.09

Substantive decisions	4	12	23	21	21	33	33	25	18	190
w criteria	2	1	6	5	6	12	7	4	1	44

C5 D0=E(% +* '&=(1 ()<F <%&'(%&+2 01(> &2 %(*01(> ,()-( )..,&<)'&+21

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	Totals
“Interests of justice”	2	16	17	11	10	10	16	25	5	112
“General or public important”	15	33	38	22	31	29	16	36	13	233
“General commercial significance”	1	6	8	2	6	3	5	2	1	34
“Miscarriage of justice”	2	3	20	17	31	22	24	19	12	150
“Substantial miscarriage of justice”	7	27	12	11	5	10	6	24	16	118

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